Geogenic Sources of Arsenic and Fluoride in Groundwater: Examples from the Zagros Basin, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Groundwater is one of the crucial water resources for domestic, agriculture and other purposes in Kurdistan Region Iraq, which counted as a semiarid region with seasonal precipitation winter. The geogenic source arsenic fluoride groundwater has been studied part Zagros Basin, using hydrogeochemical method. analysis results showed that concentrations range from 0.19 to 7.8 µg/L 0.01 2.1 mg/L, respectively. characteristics area were connected F− As understanding their sources behavior. relations between F indicate relatively simple aquifer conditions. Some samples may presence contamination addition sources. Considering WHO guidelines, most do not exceed limit, but some shows higher concentration than indicating serious risk fluorosis spots. Connecting changes depth types, associated an intergranular decreases karst aquifer. speciation controlled by pH redox Adsorption, cation exchange, dissolution carbonate minerals possible fluorite are dominant geochemical processes control groundwater. principal study seem be geogenic.